hi friends healthy ...
this time healthonlinetips will discuss about the most feared cancer the weaker sex, that is vaginal cancer
The following explanation:
DEFINITION
Vaginal cancer is a malignant tumor of the vagina. The vagina is 7.5 to 10 cm along the channel; upper end connected to the cervix (cervical / lowest part of the uterus), while its lower end connected to the vulva.
Vaginal wall lined by epithelium that is formed from squamous cells. Under the epithelium there is connective tissue, involuntary muscles, lymph nodes and innervation. The walls of the vagina have many folds that help to keep it open during vaginal intercourse or childbirth takes place.
There are several types of vaginal cancer:
Squamous cell carcinoma (85-90%)
Derived from the epithelium lining the vagina. More commonly found in the upper vagina. Squamous carcinoma is usually found in women aged 60-80 years.
Verukosa carcinoma is a type of squamous cell carcinoma is slow growing. These carcinomas grow toward the vaginal cavity and look like warts or cauliflower.
Adenocarcinoma (5-10%)
Adenocarcinoma is most common in women aged 12-30 years.
Malignant melanoma (2-3%)
Derived from pigment-producing cells, were more common in the lower vagina.
Sarcoma (2-3%)
This cancer grows deep within the vaginal wall, rather than the epithelium. There are several types of sarcomas, the most frequently found is leiomiosarkoma, who attacked women aged 50 years and over. Rabdomiosarkoma is a cancer in childhood, usually occurring before the age of 3 years. Their cells are similar to voluntary muscle cells, which is a network which under normal circumstances not found in the vaginal wall.
Squamous cell carcinomas do not grow all of a sudden, this cancer develops over many years from a precancerous changes in the vagina is called vaginal intraepithelial neoplasi (Niva).
CAUSE
The cause is unknown. Risk factor for vaginal cancer:
Age
Approximately 50% of patients with squamous carcinoma were women aged 60 years and older. Most cases of vaginal cancer found in women aged 50-70 years.
DES (diethylstilbestrol)
DES is a hormonal drug that is widely used in 1940-1970 to prevent miscarriage in pregnant women. As many as one delivered 1000 women whose mothers took DES, suffered a net cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix. The highest risk occurs if the mother take DES at 16 weeks gestation.
Vaginal adenosis
Under normal circumstances the vagina is covered by flat cells called squamous cells. In about 40% of women who have experienced menstruation, the vagina can be found certain areas covered by cells similar to cells found in the uterine glands and lining the bottom of the uterus. This situation is called adenosis.
This happens in almost all women exposed to DES during fetal development.
Infection with HPV (human papilloma virus)
HPV is the virus that causes genital warts are transmitted through sexual contact.
First sexual intercourse at an early age
Changing partners
Sexual intercourse with someone who often have multiple sexual partners
Cervical Cancer
Iritsi vagina
Smoking.
SYMPTOMS
Vaginal cancer causes damage to the lining of the vagina and cause the formation of open sores that can bleed and become infected. Patients may also experience vaginal bleeding (often after sexual intercourse) or watery discharge from her vagina. If a large cancer can affect the function of the bladder and rectum so that the patient experiencing urgency to urinate and pain when urinating.
Other symptoms are:
- Abnormal discharge from the vagina
- Feels a bump
- Pain during sexual intercourse.
In advanced cancer will timbuli pain when urinating, constipation and persistent pelvic pain.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on symptoms and physical examination. On pelvic examination will be palpable lump.
Other tests are commonly performed:
Colposcopy (examination of the vaginal wall with the aid of a magnifying glass)
Biopsy (microscopic examination of vaginal tissue samples).
Staging
Staging is the process of determining the spread of cancer, which is important to determine the type of treatment and prognosis of disease. Assessment of vaginal cancer spread involves some examination of the following:
- A thorough physical examination
- Pielogram intravenous
- Barium enema
- Chest X-rays
- Cystoscopy
- Proctoscopy
- CT scan
- Skening bone.
By vaginal cancer stage FIGO system:
Stage 0 (carcinoma in situ, Niva 3): cancer cells are confined to the vaginal epithelium and has not spread to other vaginal lining. At this stage the cancer can not spread to other body parts.
Stage I: Cancer has spread to the epithelium but is still limited to the vaginal mucosa (mucosa composed of two layers, ie epithelium and lamina propria or subepithelial stroma).
Stage IA: tumor size less than 2 cm and has grown into a wall depth of less than 1 millimeter.
Stage IB: tumors larger than 2 cm and has penetrated deep into the wall more than 1 millimeter.
Stage II: Cancer has spread to the vaginal connective tissue but has not spread to other organs or pelvic wall.
Stage III: Cancer has spread to the pelvic wall and / or has spread to lymph nodes on the same side as the tumor.
Stage IVA: Cancer has spread to organs near the vagina (eg bladder) and / or taelah spread beyond the pelvis and / or has spread to lymph nodes on both sides of the pelvis.
Stage IVB: Cancer has spread to distant organs (eg lungs).
TREATMENT
Treatment for precancerous conditions (Niva)
To determine the exact location of Niva, kolposkopi.Untuk examination performed biopsies confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options for Niva:
Surgical lasers to vaporize the abnormal tissue.
LEEP (loop electroexcision procedure): a hot cautery is used to remove lesions in the vagina. Effective for small lesions.
Topical chemotherapy: use of chemotherapy (5FU/fluorouracil) that is applied directly into the vagina every night for 1-2 weeks or every week for 10 weeks. These drugs can cause irritation of the vagina and vulva.
Niva low levels often disappears by itself, therefore treatment is usually only done at medium or high level Niva.
Treatment for vaginal cancer
There are three kinds of treatment for vaginal cancer:
Surgery
- Laser Surgery
- Wide local excision: removal of the cancer and some surrounding tissue. To fix the vagina can dilkukan skin grafting taken from other body parts.
- Vaginektomi (removal of the vagina).
If the cancer has spread beyond the vagina, do vaginektomi and radical hysterectomy (removal of uterus, ovary / ovaries and fallopian tubes / ovaries channel). Surgery may be accompanied by removal of the lymph nodes.
- Eksenterasi done if the cancer has spread beyond the vagina and other female organs. At surgery is performed under engangkatan colon, rectum or bladder (depending on the location of the tumor spread) with removal of the cervix / neck of the womb, the uterus and vagina.
After this surgery may be needed skin grafts and plastic surgery to make an artificial vagina.
Radiation Therapy
In radiation therapy used high doses of X rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and reduce tumor size. Radiation emanating from a machine called external radiation, whereas radiation emanating from a capsule / tube containing a radioactive substance is inserted into the vagina and internal radiation. Radiation can be used separately or after surgery.
Chemotherapy
In the chemotherapy drugs used to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is available in pill form or intravenous injection (through a vein). Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment because the drugs enter the bloodstream and move throughout the body and kill cancer cells that are outside the vagina. In intravaginal chemotherapy, chemotherapy drugs directly into the vagina.
Treatment Based on Stage
Treatment of vaginal cancer depends on the stage and type of disease, as well as age and general condition of the patient.
Stage 0 Vaginal Cancer
- Vaginektomi. After vaginektomi skin grafting may be done to repair damage to the vagina.
- Internal radiation therapy
- Laser Surgery
- Chemotherapy intravaginal.
Stage I Vaginal Cancer
Squamous Cancer
- Internal radiation with or without external radiation
- Wide local excision, may be followed by vaginal repair. In some cases, may be followed by radiation therapy.
- Vaginektomi and lymph node dissection
Adenocarcinoma
- Vaginektomi and removal of the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes, along with pelvic lymph node dissection. This procedure was followed by vaginal repair.
In some cases could be followed by radiation therapy.
- Internal radiation with or without external radiation.
- In certain cases conducted extensive local excision and dissection of multiple pelvic lymph nodes, followed by internal radiation.
Vaginal Cancer Stage II
- The combination of internal and external radiation
- Surgery, which can be followed by radiation therapy
Vaginal Cancer Stage III
- The combination of internal and external radiation
- Surgery, sometimes combined with radiation therapy
Stage IVA Vaginal Cancer
- The combination of internal and external radiation
- Surgery is sometimes combined with radiation therapy
Stage IVB Vaginal Cancer
- Radiation to relieve symptoms of pain, nausea, vomiting and gastrointestinal dysfunction
- Chemotherapy.
If the cancer recurring (coming back) and spreads to other female organs, then do eksenterasi, depending on the location of cancer spread. Can also do radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
may be useful ....
Healthy regards .....^^
this time healthonlinetips will discuss about the most feared cancer the weaker sex, that is vaginal cancer
The following explanation:
DEFINITION
Vaginal cancer is a malignant tumor of the vagina. The vagina is 7.5 to 10 cm along the channel; upper end connected to the cervix (cervical / lowest part of the uterus), while its lower end connected to the vulva.
Vaginal wall lined by epithelium that is formed from squamous cells. Under the epithelium there is connective tissue, involuntary muscles, lymph nodes and innervation. The walls of the vagina have many folds that help to keep it open during vaginal intercourse or childbirth takes place.
There are several types of vaginal cancer:
Squamous cell carcinoma (85-90%)
Derived from the epithelium lining the vagina. More commonly found in the upper vagina. Squamous carcinoma is usually found in women aged 60-80 years.
Verukosa carcinoma is a type of squamous cell carcinoma is slow growing. These carcinomas grow toward the vaginal cavity and look like warts or cauliflower.
Adenocarcinoma (5-10%)
Adenocarcinoma is most common in women aged 12-30 years.
Malignant melanoma (2-3%)
Derived from pigment-producing cells, were more common in the lower vagina.
Sarcoma (2-3%)
This cancer grows deep within the vaginal wall, rather than the epithelium. There are several types of sarcomas, the most frequently found is leiomiosarkoma, who attacked women aged 50 years and over. Rabdomiosarkoma is a cancer in childhood, usually occurring before the age of 3 years. Their cells are similar to voluntary muscle cells, which is a network which under normal circumstances not found in the vaginal wall.
Squamous cell carcinomas do not grow all of a sudden, this cancer develops over many years from a precancerous changes in the vagina is called vaginal intraepithelial neoplasi (Niva).
CAUSE
The cause is unknown. Risk factor for vaginal cancer:
Age
Approximately 50% of patients with squamous carcinoma were women aged 60 years and older. Most cases of vaginal cancer found in women aged 50-70 years.
DES (diethylstilbestrol)
DES is a hormonal drug that is widely used in 1940-1970 to prevent miscarriage in pregnant women. As many as one delivered 1000 women whose mothers took DES, suffered a net cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix. The highest risk occurs if the mother take DES at 16 weeks gestation.
Vaginal adenosis
Under normal circumstances the vagina is covered by flat cells called squamous cells. In about 40% of women who have experienced menstruation, the vagina can be found certain areas covered by cells similar to cells found in the uterine glands and lining the bottom of the uterus. This situation is called adenosis.
This happens in almost all women exposed to DES during fetal development.
Infection with HPV (human papilloma virus)
HPV is the virus that causes genital warts are transmitted through sexual contact.
First sexual intercourse at an early age
Changing partners
Sexual intercourse with someone who often have multiple sexual partners
Cervical Cancer
Iritsi vagina
Smoking.
SYMPTOMS
Vaginal cancer causes damage to the lining of the vagina and cause the formation of open sores that can bleed and become infected. Patients may also experience vaginal bleeding (often after sexual intercourse) or watery discharge from her vagina. If a large cancer can affect the function of the bladder and rectum so that the patient experiencing urgency to urinate and pain when urinating.
Other symptoms are:
- Abnormal discharge from the vagina
- Feels a bump
- Pain during sexual intercourse.
In advanced cancer will timbuli pain when urinating, constipation and persistent pelvic pain.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on symptoms and physical examination. On pelvic examination will be palpable lump.
Other tests are commonly performed:
Colposcopy (examination of the vaginal wall with the aid of a magnifying glass)
Biopsy (microscopic examination of vaginal tissue samples).
Staging
Staging is the process of determining the spread of cancer, which is important to determine the type of treatment and prognosis of disease. Assessment of vaginal cancer spread involves some examination of the following:
- A thorough physical examination
- Pielogram intravenous
- Barium enema
- Chest X-rays
- Cystoscopy
- Proctoscopy
- CT scan
- Skening bone.
By vaginal cancer stage FIGO system:
Stage 0 (carcinoma in situ, Niva 3): cancer cells are confined to the vaginal epithelium and has not spread to other vaginal lining. At this stage the cancer can not spread to other body parts.
Stage I: Cancer has spread to the epithelium but is still limited to the vaginal mucosa (mucosa composed of two layers, ie epithelium and lamina propria or subepithelial stroma).
Stage IA: tumor size less than 2 cm and has grown into a wall depth of less than 1 millimeter.
Stage IB: tumors larger than 2 cm and has penetrated deep into the wall more than 1 millimeter.
Stage II: Cancer has spread to the vaginal connective tissue but has not spread to other organs or pelvic wall.
Stage III: Cancer has spread to the pelvic wall and / or has spread to lymph nodes on the same side as the tumor.
Stage IVA: Cancer has spread to organs near the vagina (eg bladder) and / or taelah spread beyond the pelvis and / or has spread to lymph nodes on both sides of the pelvis.
Stage IVB: Cancer has spread to distant organs (eg lungs).
TREATMENT
Treatment for precancerous conditions (Niva)
To determine the exact location of Niva, kolposkopi.Untuk examination performed biopsies confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options for Niva:
Surgical lasers to vaporize the abnormal tissue.
LEEP (loop electroexcision procedure): a hot cautery is used to remove lesions in the vagina. Effective for small lesions.
Topical chemotherapy: use of chemotherapy (5FU/fluorouracil) that is applied directly into the vagina every night for 1-2 weeks or every week for 10 weeks. These drugs can cause irritation of the vagina and vulva.
Niva low levels often disappears by itself, therefore treatment is usually only done at medium or high level Niva.
Treatment for vaginal cancer
There are three kinds of treatment for vaginal cancer:
Surgery
- Laser Surgery
- Wide local excision: removal of the cancer and some surrounding tissue. To fix the vagina can dilkukan skin grafting taken from other body parts.
- Vaginektomi (removal of the vagina).
If the cancer has spread beyond the vagina, do vaginektomi and radical hysterectomy (removal of uterus, ovary / ovaries and fallopian tubes / ovaries channel). Surgery may be accompanied by removal of the lymph nodes.
- Eksenterasi done if the cancer has spread beyond the vagina and other female organs. At surgery is performed under engangkatan colon, rectum or bladder (depending on the location of the tumor spread) with removal of the cervix / neck of the womb, the uterus and vagina.
After this surgery may be needed skin grafts and plastic surgery to make an artificial vagina.
Radiation Therapy
In radiation therapy used high doses of X rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and reduce tumor size. Radiation emanating from a machine called external radiation, whereas radiation emanating from a capsule / tube containing a radioactive substance is inserted into the vagina and internal radiation. Radiation can be used separately or after surgery.
Chemotherapy
In the chemotherapy drugs used to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is available in pill form or intravenous injection (through a vein). Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment because the drugs enter the bloodstream and move throughout the body and kill cancer cells that are outside the vagina. In intravaginal chemotherapy, chemotherapy drugs directly into the vagina.
Treatment Based on Stage
Treatment of vaginal cancer depends on the stage and type of disease, as well as age and general condition of the patient.
Stage 0 Vaginal Cancer
- Vaginektomi. After vaginektomi skin grafting may be done to repair damage to the vagina.
- Internal radiation therapy
- Laser Surgery
- Chemotherapy intravaginal.
Stage I Vaginal Cancer
Squamous Cancer
- Internal radiation with or without external radiation
- Wide local excision, may be followed by vaginal repair. In some cases, may be followed by radiation therapy.
- Vaginektomi and lymph node dissection
Adenocarcinoma
- Vaginektomi and removal of the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes, along with pelvic lymph node dissection. This procedure was followed by vaginal repair.
In some cases could be followed by radiation therapy.
- Internal radiation with or without external radiation.
- In certain cases conducted extensive local excision and dissection of multiple pelvic lymph nodes, followed by internal radiation.
Vaginal Cancer Stage II
- The combination of internal and external radiation
- Surgery, which can be followed by radiation therapy
Vaginal Cancer Stage III
- The combination of internal and external radiation
- Surgery, sometimes combined with radiation therapy
Stage IVA Vaginal Cancer
- The combination of internal and external radiation
- Surgery is sometimes combined with radiation therapy
Stage IVB Vaginal Cancer
- Radiation to relieve symptoms of pain, nausea, vomiting and gastrointestinal dysfunction
- Chemotherapy.
If the cancer recurring (coming back) and spreads to other female organs, then do eksenterasi, depending on the location of cancer spread. Can also do radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
may be useful ....
Healthy regards .....^^
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